Physics — Mechanics

Describe motion along a straight line using position, velocity, and acceleration. Apply the kinematic equations to problems involving constant acceleration and free fall.

Extend kinematics to two dimensions using vector components and unit vectors. Analyze projectile trajectories and solve problems involving relative motion between reference frames.

Draw free-body diagrams and apply Newton's second law to systems with normal forces, tension, friction, and drag. Solve for motion on inclined planes, connected bodies, and Atwood machines.

Analyze uniform circular motion through centripetal acceleration and force. Apply Newton's law of gravitation to orbits, Kepler's laws, banked curves, and escape velocity.

Calculate work done by constant and spring forces, and relate it to kinetic and potential energy through the work-energy theorem. Apply conservation of mechanical energy and compute power.

Define linear momentum and impulse, and use the impulse-momentum theorem. Analyze elastic and inelastic collisions and locate the center of mass of multi-particle systems.

Compute torque and moment of inertia for rigid bodies, and apply Newton's second law in rotational form. Analyze rotational kinematics, the parallel-axis theorem, and rolling motion.

Calculate rotational kinetic energy and power for spinning objects. Define angular momentum and apply its conservation to systems where net external torque is zero.

Model simple harmonic motion in spring-mass systems and pendulums using period, frequency, and amplitude. Analyze damped oscillations and exponential decay of amplitude.

Explore advanced gravitational topics including orbital velocity, gravitational potential energy at arbitrary distances, and the relationship between gravitational fields and motion.