Fluid Mechanics

Define density, specific gravity, and viscosity, then apply hydrostatic pressure distributions to manometers, submerged surfaces, and buoyancy problems using Archimedes' principle.

Describe flow fields using velocity and volumetric flow rate, apply the continuity equation to control volumes, and classify flows as laminar or turbulent using the Reynolds number.

Apply the Bernoulli equation to relate pressure, velocity, and elevation along a streamline, and analyze flow-measurement devices such as Pitot tubes, Venturi meters, and orifices.

Use the linear momentum equation to calculate forces exerted by fluid jets, pipe bends, and nozzles by resolving momentum fluxes into components.

Form dimensionless groups using the Buckingham Pi theorem, establish dynamic similarity between models and prototypes, and interpret key numbers like Reynolds and Froude.

Calculate head losses in piping systems using the Darcy-Weisbach and Hagen-Poiseuille equations, account for minor losses from fittings, and size pumps for required flow rates.

Analyze boundary layer development over flat plates, compute drag forces and drag coefficients, and understand the transition from laminar to turbulent external flow.

Apply the Manning equation to uniform channel flow, compute specific energy and critical depth, and analyze hydraulic jumps using conjugate depth relationships.